Information on Investing Investment bank Investment banks assist corporations in raising funds in the public markets (both equity and debt). They may also advise private individuals who have sufficient wealth (known as Private Equity or Private Banking). They are often confused with Brokerages, which are firms which assist people in choosing and buying stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. Investment banks will typically be concerned with several business units, including Corporate Finance (concerned with managing the finances of corporations, including mergers, acquisitions and disposals), Equities (concerned with research and valuation of company shares) and Trading (concerned with buying and selling shares both on behalf of the bank's clients and sometimes also for the bank itself). Venture capital for new or early stage ventures is also often a division of its own, although for long this was restricted in the US. Management of the banks own capital is often one of the biggest sources of profit; for example the banks may arbitrage in huge scale if they see a suitable opportunity and/or they may structure their books so that they profit from a fall of bond yields (a rise of bond prices). Because potential conflicts of interest may arise between different parts of a bank, the authorities that regulate investment banking (the FSA in the United Kingdom and the SEC in the United States) require that banks impose a Chinese wall which prohibits communication between equities research and equities sales. The industry in the US has been heavily criticized, and often fined, for failing to actually restrict this communication, and for research divisions pushing stocks which are known to be very poor investments, in exchange for that company doing investment banking business with the bank. Abuses happen also more frequently in this industry possibly due to the structure of the industry, in which the majority of the money is made by the personal investment banker handling the transaction. Public investment banking In the United States, the Glass-Steagall Act prohibited banks from offering both commercial and investment services. The Glass-Steagall Act was repealed by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999. In part this was due to the tendency of the U.S. Congress to act itself as an investment bank: Lester Thurow claimed in the 1980s that it served exactly this function, advancing specific industrial policy and agricultural policy by direct grants or subsidies, loan guarantees, and exemption from regulations, taxes or other government-controlled expenses that would otherwise apply. This fusion of the banking and oversight role with fiscal policy was thought to be undesirably political, but inevitable if the US had no large investment banks. The World Bank and many central banks are considered by most economists to be investment banks, as they can bolster or create currency for specific projects. Banking overlaps with monetary policy at this largest scale. Players Some of the major global private investment banks include: Morgan Stanley Goldman Sachs Credit Suisse First Boston JP Morgan ABN Amro See also: Bank This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Investment banking Investment banking is about investing other people's or organisations' money. Investment banks can invest money on stock markets or use advanced products called derivatives. They can also invest money directly into companies, projects etc. either as direct investments for which they carry the full risk, or as loans with collaterals to reduce risks. Combinations of derivatives and loans also exist, such as mezzanines. This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Investment Banking Investment banking is the provision of financial services by which capital is raised for both publicly traded and privately held firms either through equity instruments such as stocks or debt instruments such as bonds. In the United States, investment banking was distinct from commercial banking by the Glass-Steagall Act kept them separate from 1933 until its repeal in 1999. This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. This page created and maintained by Jamie Sanderson. © Jamie Sanderson 1999-2005.